{"id":11477,"date":"2020-06-08T08:51:58","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T08:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cms.alj3.clients.lemonhq.io\/spotlight-fady-jameel\/%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%8a\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T10:01:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T10:01:50","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"spotlight","link":"https:\/\/cms.alj3.clients.lemonhq.io\/ar\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 “\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5.1\u066a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a[7]<\/a>. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064b: “\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a (Emissions Gap Report) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 7.6\u066a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629[8]<\/a>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (The Breakthrough Institute) \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a 2020 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 0.5-2.2\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 – \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0632 (Leibniz) \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 “\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 1.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016[12]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (IIED<\/a>)\u060c \u0623\u0646 “\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645[13]<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"United<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 “\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0649” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0636. \u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 32\u066a \u0628\u064a\u0646 2013 \u0648 [16]<\/a>2018)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a – \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 “\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627[17]<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a[18]<\/a>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a: “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 “.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c  \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 – \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n